All Issue

2022 Vol.44, Issue 4 Preview Page

Article

Chemical Characteristics and Deposition of Aerosols in the Cheju-Korea Straits

제주-대한해협 해역에서 에어로졸의 화학적 특성과 침적

Suk Hyun Kim1*
,
Hyunmi Lee1
,
Deok-Soo Moon2
김 석현1*
,
이 현미1
,
문 덕수2
1Marine Environmental Research Center, Marine Environmental & Climate Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
2Seawater Energy Plant Research Center, Marine Renewable Energy Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering, Gangwon 24747, Korea
1한국해양과학기술원 해양환경·기후연구본부 해양환경연구센터 (49111) 부산광역시 영도구 해양로 385
2한국해양과학기술원 부설 선박해양플랜트연구소 해양에너지연구본부 해수에너지연구센터 (24747) 고성군 죽왕면 심층수길 124-32
*Corresponding Author
30 December 2022. pp. 297-310
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

To understand the chemical composition of aerosols in the Cheju-Korea Straits and their contribution to the ocean by deposition, aerosol samples were collected on board R/V Eardo from November 1997 to May 1999. The average concentrations of Al, NO3-, non-sea-salt (nss)-SO42-, and NH4+ in aerosols were 2.19, 5.59, 6.16 and 2.08 μg m-3, respectively. The Al concentration in the high yellow dust period was about 100 times higher than that in the non-yellow dust period. The concentration ratio of NO3-/nss-SO42- ranged between 0.47 and 1.5, indicating that the aerosols in the Cheju-Korea Straits are under the effects of NOx and SOx emitted from China, Korea and Japan. The equivalent concentration ratio of [NH4+]/[nss-SO42- + NO3-] with the average of 0.58±0.29 indicates that nss-SO42- and NO3- are not neutralized by NH4+. A high activity concentration of 210Pb with 1.13–1.23 mBq m-3 was observed during the high yellow dust period, indicating that 210Pb is easily adsorbed in the yellow dust originating from the continent of Asia. The distribution of 7Be and NH4+ concentrations showed a strong negative linear correlation during the low yellow dust period, April 1998. The total mineral dust flux in the Cheju-Korea Straits was estimated to be 1.21×106 tons yr-1, accounting for about 12% of the annual sediment discharge via the Nakdong River. The combined annual deposition of NH4+ and NO3- was 0.103 mole N m-2 yr-1 was estimated to support 4% of the annual primary productivity in the East China Sea.

Keywords
aerosol
chemical composition
210Pb
7Be
deposition flux
References
1
Akimoto H, Narita H (1994) Distribution of SO2, NOx and CO2 emissions from fuel combustion and industrial activities in Asia with 1°× 1° resolution. Atmos Environ 28(2): 213-225 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90096-5
2
Andreae MO, Berresheim H, Andreae TW, Kritz MA, Bates TS, Merrill JT (1988) Vertical distribution of dimethylsulfide, sulfur dioxide, aerosol ions, and radon over the northeast Pacific Ocean. J Atmos Chem 6(1):149-173 10.1007/BF00048337
3
Arimoto R, Duce RA (1986) Dry deposition models and the air/sea exchange of trace elements. J Geophys Res-Atmos 91(D2):2787-2792 10.1029/JD091iD02p02787
4
Arimoto R, Duce RA, Savoie DL, Prospero JM, Talbot R, Cullen JD, Tomza U, Lewis NF, Ray BJ (1996) Relationships among aerosol constituents from Asia and the North Pacific during PEM-West A. J Geophys Res-Atmos 101 (D1):2011-2023 10.1029/95JD01071
5
Asman WA, Sutton MA, Schjørring JK (1998) Ammonia: emission, atmospheric transport and deposition. New Phytol 139(1):27-48 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00180.x
6
Baskaran M (2011) Po-210 and Pb-210 as atmospheric tracers and global atmospheric Pb-210 fallout: a review. J Environ Radioact 102(5):500-513 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.10.00721093126
7
Carmichael GR, Zhang Y, Chen LL, Hong MS, Ueda H (1996) Seasonal variation of aerosol composition at Cheju Island, Korea. Atmos Environ 30(13):2407-2416 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00230-8
8
Chough SK, Lee HJ, Yoon SH (2000) Marine geology of Korean seas. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 313 p
9
Chung YS (1992) On the observations of yellow sand (dust storms) in Korea. Atmos Environ A-Gen 26(15):2743-2749 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90010-I
10
Corbett JJ, Fischbeck P (1997) Emissions from ships. Science 278(5339):823-824 10.1126/science.278.5339.823
11
Corbett JJ, Fischbeck PS, Pandis SN (1999) Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships. J Geophys Res-Atmos 104(D3):3457-3470 10.1029/1998JD100040
12
Duce RA, Arimoto R, Ray BJ, Unni CK, Harder PJ (1983) Atmospheric trace elements at Enewetak Atoll: 1. concentrations, sources, and temporal variability. J Geophys Res-Oceans 88(C9):5321-5342 10.1029/JC088iC09p05321
13
Duce RA, LaRoche J, Altieri K, Arrigo KR, Baker AR, Capone DG, Cornell S, Dentener F, Galloway J, Zamora L et al. (2008) Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean. Science 320(5878):893-897 10.1126/science.115036918487184
14
Duce RA, Liss PS, Merrill JT, Atlas EL, Buat-Menard P, Hicks BB, Miller JM, Prospero JM, Arimoto R, Church TM et al. (1991) The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean. Global Biogeochem Cy 5(3):193-259 10.1029/91GB01778
15
Endresen Ø, Sørgard E, Sundet JK, Dalsøren SB, Isaksen IS, Berglen TF, Gravir G (2003) Emission from international sea transportation and environmental impact. J Geophys Res-Atmos 108(D17):4560. doi:10.1029/2002JD002898 10.1029/2002JD002898
16
Galloway JN, Hiram Levy II, Kasibhatla PS (1994) Year 2020: consequences of population growth and development on deposition of oxidized nitrogen. Ambio 23:120-123
17
Gao Y (1998) Atmospheric chemistry and transport of Asian dust. In: Hong GH, Zhang J, Park BK (eds) Health of the Yellow Sea, The Earth Love Publication Association, Seoul, pp 251-280
18
Gao Y, Arimoto R, Duce RA, Chen LQ, Zhou MY, Gu DY. (1996) Atmospheric non-sea-salt sulfate, nitrate and methanesulfonate over the China Sea. J Geophys Res 101(D7): 12601-12611 10.1029/96JD00866
19
Gao Y, Arimoto R, Duce RA, Zhang XY, Zhang GY, An ZS, Chen LO, Zhou MY, Gu DY (1997) Temporal and spatial distributions of dust and its deposition to the China Sea. Tellus B 49(2):172-189 10.3402/tellusb.v49i2.15960
20
Gao Y, Arimoto R, Zhou MY, Merrill JT, Duce RA (1992) Relationships between the dust concentrations over eastern Asia and the remote North Pacific. J Geophys Res-Atmos 97(D9):9867-9872 10.1029/92JD00714
21
GESAMP (1989) Atmospheric input of trace species to the World Oceans. WMO, Geneva, GESAMP Reports and Studies No. 38, 111 p
22
Graustein WC, Turekian KK (1996) 7Be and 210Pb indicate an upper troposphere source for elevated ozone in the summertime subtropical free troposphere of the eastern North Atlantic. Geophys Res Lett 23(5):539-542 10.1029/96GL00304
23
Holmes J, Zoller W (1996) The elemental signature of transported Asian dust at Mauna Loa observatory. Tellus B 48(1):83-92 10.3402/tellusb.v48i1.15669
24
Holland HD (1978) The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and Oceans. Wiley, New York, 156 p
25
Hong GH, Kim SH, Yang DB, Lim GH (1998) The atmospheric input of trace metals over the Yellow Sea: ship board results, April 1995. In: Hong GH, Zhang J, Park BK (eds) Health of the Yellow Sea, The Earth Love Publication Association, Seoul, pp 211-236
26
IAEA (1987) Preparation and certification of IAEA Gamma- Ray spectrometry reference materials RGU-1, RGTh-1 and RGK-1. IAEA/RL/148, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 54 p
27
In HJ, Park SU (2003) Estimation of dust emission amount for a dust storm event occurred in April 1998 in China. Water Air Soil Poll 148(1):201-221 10.1023/A:1025400921908
28
Jeong GY (2020) Mineralogy and geochemistry of Asian dust: dependence on migration path, fractionation, and reactions with polluted air. Atmos Chem Phys 20(12):7411-7428 10.5194/acp-20-7411-2020
29
Kang J, Cho BC, Lee CB (2010) Atmospheric transport of water-soluble ions (NO3−, NH4+ and nss-SO42−) to the southern East Sea (Sea of Japan). Sci Total Environ 408(11):2369-2377 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.02220227748
30
Kim HS, Chung Y S, Cho JH (2017) Long-term variations of dust storms and associated dustfall and related climate factors in Korea during 1997-2016. Air Qual Atmos Health 10(10):1269-1280 10.1007/s11869-017-0513-9
31
Kim TW, Lee K, Najjar RG, Jeong HD, Jeong HJ (2011) Increasing N abundance in the northwestern Pacific Ocean due to atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Science 334(6055):505-509 10.1126/science.120658321940860
32
Kim YP, Lee G (2018) Trend of air quality in Seoul: policy and science. Aerosol Air Qual Res 18(9):2141-2156 10.4209/aaqr.2018.03.0081
33
Kim YP, Lee JH, Baik NJ, Kim JY, Shim SG, Kang CH (1998) Summertime characteristics of aerosol composition at Cheju Island, Korea. Atmos Environ 32(22):3905-3915 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00108-3
34
Kitto ME, Anderson DL (1988) The use of Whatman-41 filters for particle. Atmos Environ (1967). 22(11):2629-2630 10.1016/0004-6981(88)90500-8
35
Klimont Z, Cofala J, Schopp W, Amann M, Streets DG, Ichikawa Fujita S (2001) Projections of SO2, NOx, NH3 and VOC emissions in East Asia up to 2030. Wat Air Soil Poll 130(1):193-198 10.1023/A:1013886429786
36
KMA (2022) KMA Weather Data Service, Open MET Data Portal, Korea Meteorological Administration. https://data.kma.go.kr/cmmn/main.do Accessed 1 Sep 2022
37
Lee HJ, Kim SW, Brioude J, Cooper OR, Frost GJ, Kim CH, Park RJ, Trainer M, Woo JH (2014) Transport of NOx in East Asia identified by satellite and in situ measurements and Lagrangian particle dispersion model simulations. J Geophys Res-Atmos 119(5):2574-2596 10.1002/2013JD021185
38
Li G, Gao P, Wang F, Liang Q (2004) Estimation of ocean primary productivity and its spatio-temporal variation mechanism for East China Sea based on VGPM model. J Geogr Sci 14(1):32-40 10.1007/BF02873088
39
Liu TS (1988) Loess in China. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 224 p
40
Logan JA (1983) Nitrogen oxides in the troposphere: global and regional budgets. J Geophys Res-Atmos 88(C15):10785-10807 10.1029/JC088iC15p10785
41
McDonald RL, Unni CK, Duce RA (1982) Estimation of atmospheric sea salt dry deposition: wind speed and particle size dependence. J Geophys Res-Oceans 87(C2):1246-1250 10.1029/JC087iC02p01246
42
Merrill JT, Uematsu M, Bleck R (1989) Meteorological analysis of long range transport of mineral aerosols over the North Pacific. J Geophys Res-Atmos 94(D6):8584-8598 10.1029/JD094iD06p08584
43
Mijling B, Van Der A RJ, Zhang Q (2013) Regional nitrogen oxides emission trends in East Asia observed from space. Atmos Chem Phys 13(23):12003-12012 10.5194/acp-13-12003-2013
44
Mukai H, Suzuki M. (1996) Using air trajectories to analyze the seasonal variation of aerosols transported to the Oki Islands. Atmos Environ 30(23):3917-3934 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00142-2
45
Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Uematsu M (2005) Chemical characteristics of aerosols transported from Asia to the East China Sea: an evaluation of anthropogenic combined nitrogen deposition in autumn. Atmos Environ 39(9):1749-1758 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.11.037
46
Ohara T, Akimoto H, Kurokawa J, Horii N, Yamaji K, Yan X, Hayasaka T (2007) An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980-2020. Atmos Chem Phy 7(16):4419-4444 10.5194/acp-7-4419-2007
47
Ottley CJ, Harrison RM (1992) The spatial distribution and particle size of some inorganic nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine species over the North Sea. Atmos Environ A- Gen 26(9):1689-1699 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90067-U
48
Park MH, Kim YP, Kang CH, Shim SG (2004) Aerosol composition change between 1992 and 2002 at Gosan, Korea. J Geophys Res-Atmos 109(D19S13):1-7 10.1029/2003JD004110
49
Prospero JM, Savoie DL, Nees RT, Duce RA, Merrill J (1985) Particulate sulfate and nitrate in the boundary layer over the North Pacific Ocean. J Geophys Res-Atmos 90(D6): 10586-10596 10.1029/JD090iD06p10586
50
Rodhe H (1989) Acidification in a global perspective. Ambio 18:155-160
51
Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN (1998) Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change. Wiley- Interscience, New York, 1326 p
52
Sequeira R (1982) Acid rain: An assessment based on acid- base considerations. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 32(3):241-245 10.1080/00022470.1982.10465395
53
Shi H, Zhang Y, Deng A, Dong Z (2017) Variation in activity concentration of 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol and its radiation dose assessment in Qingdao. Chin J Radiol Med Prot 12:372-375
54
Shimohara T, Oishi O, Utsunomiya A, Mukai H, Hatakeyama S, Jang ES. Uno I, Murano K (2001) Characterization of atmospheric air pollutants at two sites in northern Kyushu, Japan chemical form, and chemical reaction. Atmos Environ 35:667-681 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00340-X
55
Smith SJ, van Aardenne J, Klimont Z, Andres RJ, Volke A, Delgado Arias S (2011) Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850-2005. Atmos Chem Phys 11(3):1101-1116 10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011
56
Streets DG, Guttikunda SK, Carmichael GR (2000) The growing contribution of sulfur emissions from ships in Asian waters, 1988-1995. Atmos Environ 34(26):4425-4439 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00175-8
57
Sun J, Zhang M, Liu T (2001) Spatial and temporal characteristics of dust storms in China and its surrounding regions, 1960-1999: Relations to source area and climate. J Geophys Res-Atoms 106(D10):10325-10333 10.1029/2000JD900665
58
Takahashi T, Broecker WS, Langer S (1985) Redfield ratio based on chemical data from isopycnal surfaces. J Geophys Res-Oceans 90(C4):6907-6924 10.1029/JC090iC04p06907
59
Tan K, Yang Y, Zhu X, Li Y, Chen S, Yu H, Huang Y (2013). Beryllium-7 in near-surface atmospheric aerosols in mid- latitude (40° N) city Beijing, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 298(2):883-891 10.1007/s10967-013-2524-9
60
Taylor SR (1964) Trace element abundances and the chondritic Earth model. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 28(12):1989-1998 10.1016/0016-7037(64)90142-5
61
Tokieda T, Yamanaka K, Harada K, Tsunogai S (1996) Seasonal variations of residence time and upper atmospheric contribution of aerosols studied with Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210 and Be-7. Tellus B 48(5):690-702 10.3402/tellusb.v48i5.15940
62
Tsunogai S, Shinagaw T, Kurata T (1985) Deposition of anthropogenic sulfate and Pb-210 in the western North Pacific area. Geochem J 19(2):77-90 10.2343/geochemj.19.77
63
Uematsu M (1995) Chemical composition of marine aerosols over the Central North Pacific-Results from the 1991 cruise of Hakurei Maru No. 2. In Sakai H, Nozaki Y (eds) Biogeochemical processes and ocean flux in the Western Pacific. Terra Scientific Publishing, Tokyo, pp 3-14
64
Uematsu M, Duce RA, Prospero JM (1985) Deposition of atmospheric mineral particles in the North Pacific Ocean. J Atmos Chem 3(1):123-138 10.1007/BF00049372
65
Uematsu M, Duce RA, Prospero JM (1994) Atmosphere beryllium-7 concentrations over the Pacific Ocean. Geophy Res Lett 21(7):561-564 10.1029/94GL00391
66
Uematsu M, Duce RA, Prospero JM, Chen L, Merrill JT, McDonald RL (1983) Transport of mineral aerosol from Asia over the North Pacific Ocean. J Geophy Res-Oceans 88(C9):5343-5352 10.1029/JC088iC09p05343
67
van Aardenne JA, Carmichael, GR, Levy IIH, Streets D, Hordijk L (1999) Anthropogenic NOx emissions in Asia in the period 1990-2020. Atmos Environ 33(4):633-646 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00110-1
68
Wang X, Huang J, Ji M, Higuchi K (2008) Variability of East Asia dust events and their long-term trend. Atmos Environ 42(13):3156-3165 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.046
69
Watts IEM (1969) Climates of China and Korea, in climates of Northern and Eastern Asia, vol. 8, World Surv. Climatol. In: Arakawa H (ed) Elsevier, New York, 94 p
70
Yang YL, Gai N, Geng CZ, Zhu XH, Li Y, Xue Y, Yu HQ, Tan KY (2013) East Asia monsoon's influence on seasonal changes of beryllium-7 and typical POPs in near-surface atmospheric aerosols in mid-latitude city Qingdao, China. Atmos Environ 79:802-810 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.021
71
Yu HS, Min BE, Kim CJ (1985) Physical characteristics of circulation and mixing processes at the mouth of the Nakdong River. Marit Res Rep 2:1-17
72
Zhang X, Arimoto R, An Z, Chen T, Zhang G, Zhu G, Wang X (1993) Atmospheric trace elements over source regions for Chinese dust: Concentrations, sources and atmospheric deposition on the Loess Plateau. Atmos Environ A-Gen 27(13):2051-2067 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90277-6
73
Zieman JJ, Holmes JL, Connor D, Jensen CR, Zoller WH, Hermann DM, Parrington JR, Gordon GE (1995) Atmospheric aerosol trace element chemistry at Mauna Loa Observatory: 1. 1979-1985. J Geophys Res-Atmos 100 (D12):25979-25994 10.1029/93JD03316
Information
  • Publisher :Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국해양과학기술원
  • Journal Title :Ocean and Polar Research
  • Journal Title(Ko) :Ocean and Polar Research
  • Volume : 44
  • No :4
  • Pages :297-310
  • Received Date : 2022-10-20
  • Revised Date : 2022-12-07
  • Accepted Date : 2022-12-07
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2022028
Journal Informaiton Ocean and Polar Research Ocean and Polar Research
Online Submission
Archives
: 2019 ~ 이전
  • scopus_OPR
  • NRF
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • KCI 문헌 유사도 검사
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close