The Average Maximum Growth Rate per Bottle is Comparable to the Maximum Growth Rate of the Daily Average Population Time Series in the Triplicate Epiphytic Dinoflagellate Culture Experiments

Hyung Seop Kim; Jong Hyeok Kim; Mi Ryoung Oh; Jong Woo Park; Yeong Du Yoo; Wonho Yih

doi:10.4217/OPR.2026022

All Issue

2026 Vol.48 Preview Page Next Page

Note

The Average Maximum Growth Rate per Bottle is Comparable to the Maximum Growth Rate of the Daily Average Population Time Series in the Triplicate Epiphytic Dinoflagellate Culture Experiments

18 September 2026. pp. 1-11

PDF XML

Abstract

Population growth under different water temperature, salinity, and light intensity was monitored over 34 days in culture experiments with Ostreopsis sp. and Coolia canariensis strains, representing two potentially toxic epiphytic dinoflagellate species from the Jeju coastal waters of Korea. Two sets of data for maximum growth rate (GR_max) and maximum biomass yield (Y_max), one based on three sets of daily population per bottle and the other based on average daily population from triplicate bottles, were intercompared to find out the better values as GR_max and Y_max. The two sets showed almost no difference in GR_max in all the T, S, and L experiments, but not always in the elapsed days at the GR_max. Similarly, the two sets showed little difference in Y_max, with slightly more noticeable differences in the elapsed days at Y_max of Ostreopsis sp. compared to C. canariensis. When plotted on the plane of ‘triplicate average’ (x-axis) and ‘each of the triplicate’ (y-axis), the T-S-L-pooled mean GR_max as well as mean Y_max data showed extremely high linear correlation (with R²> 0.993). By contrast, the T-S-L-pooled elapsed days data for GR_max as well as Y_max revealed relatively lower linear correlation (with 0.867 < R²< 0.992). Thus, the two sets of data a minor exhibit statistically insignificant differences for mean GR_max or mean Y_max values, while revealing a minor but noticeable difference in the elapsed days to reach the maxima.

Keywords

daily population per bottle

daily triplicate average population

GR_max

Y_max

epiphytic dinoflagellate strains

References

Chen W, Wang X, Wells ML, Gao K (2024) The copepod Acartia spinicauda feeds less and dies more under the influences of solar ultraviolet radiation and elevated pCO2. J Photoch Photobio B 260:113020. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113020

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113020

Cohu S, Thibaut T, Mangialajo L, Labat JP, Passafiume O, Blanfuné A, Simon N, Cottalorda JM, Lemée R (2011) Occurrence of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in relation with environmental factors in Monaco (NW Mediterranean). Mar Pollut Bull 62:2681–2691. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.022

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.022

Corson HK, Millette NC (2024) Margalefidinium polykrikoides dinoflagellate blooms increase mortality of Acartia tonsa copepods. Harmful Algae 135:102634. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2024.102634

10.1016/j.hal.2024.102634

Drouet K, Jauzein C, Gasparini S, Pavaux AS, Berdalet E, Marro S, Davenet-Sbirrazuoli V, Siano R, Lemée R (2022) The benthic toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the NW Mediterranean Sea: Relationship between sea surface temperature and bloom phenology. Harmful Algae 112:102184. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2022.102184

10.1016/j.hal.2022.102184

Hashimoto K, Uchida H, Nishimura T, Oikawa H, Funaki H, Honma C (2021) Determination of optimal culture conditions for toxin production by a Prorocentrum lima complex strain with high diarrhetic shellfish toxins yield. Harmful Algae 103:102025. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2021.102025

10.1016/j.hal.2021.102025

Lee LK, Lim ZF, Gu H, Chan LL, Litaker RW, Tester PA, Leaw CP, Lim PT (2020) Effects of substratum and depth on benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages. Sci Rep 10:11251. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68136-6

10.1038/s41598-020-68136-632647125PMC7347539

LeGresley M, McDermott G (2010) Counting chamber methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis: haemocytometer, Palmer-Maloney cell and Sedgewick-Rafter cell. In: Karlson B, Cusack C, Bresnan E (eds) Microscopic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis, IOC manuals and guides No. 55, UNESCO, Paris, pp. 25–30

Mussai P, Larsen J, Alrefaei AF, Jeewon R (2023) Ribosomal DNA sequence-based taxonomy and antimicrobial activity of Prorocentrum spp. (Dinophyceae) from Mauritius coastal waters, South-West Indian Ocean. Mar Drugs 21(4):216. doi:10.3390/md21040216

10.3390/md2104021637103354PMC10143094

Oh MR, Kim HS, Jang B, Kim JH, Jang KG, Park JW, Yih W (2023) Comparative ecological characteristics of two potentially toxic epiphytic dinoflagellate species, Ostreopsis sp. and Coolia canariensis, native to Jeju Island. Ocean Polar Res 45(2):57–69. doi:10.4217/OPR.2023006

10.4217/OPR.2023006

Park MG, Kim S, Kim HS, Myung G, Kang YG, Yih W (2006) First successful culture of the marine dinoflagellate Dinophysisacuminata. Aquat Microb Ecol 45:101–106

10.3354/ame045101

Park SA, Jeong HJ, Ok JH, Kang HC, You JH, Eom SH, Park EC (2021) Interactions between the kleptoplastidic dinoflagellate Shimiella gracilenta and several common heterotrophic protists. Front Mar Sci 8:738547. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.738547

10.3389/fmars.2021.738547

Roux P, Siano R, Collin K, Bilien G, Sinquin C, Marchand L, Zykwinska A, Delbarre-Ladrat C, Schapira M (2021) Bacteria enhance the production of extracellular polymeric substances by the green dinoflagellate Lepidodinium chlorophorum. Sci Rep 11:4795. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84253-2

10.1038/s41598-021-84253-233637819PMC7910647

Yong HL, Mustapa NI, Lee LK, Lim ZF, Tan TH, Usup G, Gu H, Litaker RW, Tester PA, Lim PT, Leaw CP (2018) Habitat complexity affects benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages in the fringing reef of Rawa Island, Malaysia. Harmful Algae 78:56–68. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2018.07.009

10.1016/j.hal.2018.07.009

Information

Publisher :Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology
Publisher(Ko) :한국해양과학기술원
Journal Title :Ocean and Polar Research
Journal Title(Ko) :Ocean and Polar Research
Volume : 48
Pages :1-11
Received Date : 2026-05-26
Revised Date : 2026-08-21
Accepted Date : 2026-08-31
Published Date : 2026-09-18
DOI :https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2026022

Ocean and Polar Research ISSN:2234-7313(Online) Ocean and Polar Research

All Issue