• Article

    GPU-Accelerated Optimal Interpolation for Global Ocean Surface pCO2 Mapping
    Gyundo Pak
    GPU acceleration has become essential for meeting the rising computational demands of high-resolution ocean modeling and data assimilation. In this study, a … + READ MORE
    GPU acceleration has become essential for meeting the rising computational demands of high-resolution ocean modeling and data assimilation. In this study, a GPU-accelerated, chunk-based, sequential Optimal Interpolation (OI) scheme was developed to reconstruct global ocean surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) fields. OI analyses were successfully performed for the period between 1990 and 2019 using 30 years of monthly background fields and observations. Benchmarking highlighted substantial gains, with runtimes up to 35 times faster than that of a single-core CPU baseline and approximately 12 times faster than that of multi-core CPU runs. The GPU performance improved steadily with increasing chunk size, whereas the fastest runtimes were consistent with observation batch sizes in the range of 1,000–2,000. Sequential OI generated analysis fields nearly identical to those from the all-at-once observation update, and its runtime ranged from a bit slower to slightly faster depending on the choice of observation batch size. These results show that GPU-based OI is both practical and efficient, offering a pathway for the direct application of GPUs in operational ocean prediction systems. - COLLAPSE
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    14 January 2026

  • Article

    Study on Performance Improvement of a Flapping-foil Hydrokinetic Turbine of Parallel Configuration

    진동익 유체동력 터빈의 병렬 배치에 따른 성능 향상 연구

    Sang Chul Lee, Dasom Jeong, Jin Hwan Ko

    이상철, 정다솜, 고진환

    In this study, we performed 2D simulations with varying separation distances to determine the influence of ground effect on the efficiency of … + READ MORE
    In this study, we performed 2D simulations with varying separation distances to determine the influence of ground effect on the efficiency of parallel-configured flapping-foil hydrokinetic turbine. The efficiency was highest at 38.38% in the case of the closest distance (d/c = 2.0), which was 2.32% higher than the case of the farthest distance (d/c = 4.0) and 10.49% higher than the case of a single turbine. In all cases, lift contributed the most to the power, at over 80%, and moment contributed mainly in the phase where the direction of heave motion changed. The increase in efficiency due to ground effect occurs mainly in the leaving phase, and the pressure increase on the lower surface due to the blockage effect and the pressure decrease due to the leading edge vortex on the upper surface were the main causes in the early and later stages, respectively. - COLLAPSE
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    15 January 2026

  • Article

    Climate-driven Future Changes in Habitat Distribution of Jack Mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) in Korean Waters

    기후변화에 따른 한반도 주변해 전갱이(Trachurus japonicus)서식지 분포 변화 전망

    Minkyoung Bang

    방민경

    Jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus), a commercially important pelagic species in Korea, is highly sensitive to environmental variability. Despite its ecological … + READ MORE
    Jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus), a commercially important pelagic species in Korea, is highly sensitive to environmental variability. Despite its ecological and fisheries importance, the future changes in its habitat distribution in response to climate change remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined projected changes in the habitat distribution of jack mackerel in Korean waters in the 2050s using species distribution models. The projected habitat suitability exhibited clear regional differences. Specifically, while suitability is projected to increase in the Yellow and East Seas, it is expected to decline along the southern coast—a primary habitat for jack mackerel. This decline is attributed to the fact that water temperatures in the northern East China Sea are predicted to exceed the optimal thermal range for jack mackerel. These findings suggest that climate change could lead to a contraction of major habitats and a spatial redistribution of suitable areas for jack mackerel, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and adaptive management strategies. - COLLAPSE
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    13 February 2026

  • Article

    Management of Transboundary Water with the Israel-Jordan Peace Agreement- Israel Jordan Water Resources Management and Red Sea Marine Peace Park -

    이스라엘 요르단 평화협정 상 접경수역 관리 사례 검토 - 공동 하천 수자원 관리 및 홍해해양평화공원을 중심으로 -

    Jee-hyun Choi

    최지현

    The purpose of this study is to analyze the cases of border area management after the Israel-Jordan peace agreement signed in 1994. … + READ MORE
    The purpose of this study is to analyze the cases of border area management after the Israel-Jordan peace agreement signed in 1994. Israel and Jordan, which have been in a long conflict relationship, have made the common survival task of securing water resources in the Jordan River a major driving force for the conclusion of a peace agreement. In addition, in order to secure stability in the border sea after a future peace agreement, a cooperation system for the border sea was established, starting with the Red Sea Maritime Peace Park(RSMPP). The Israeli-Jordan case provides the implications for the management of the border area. Together it delivers lessons to the management of transboundary water between two Koreas. - COLLAPSE
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    26 February 2026

  • Article

    Performance Evaluation of CMIP6 Models on Surface Chlorophyll and Ocean pCO2 in the Northwestern Pacific

    CMIP6의 북서태평양 표층 엽록소 농도와 해양 이산화탄소 분압의 재현성 평가

    Daehyuk Kim, Na-Hyeon Lee, Jae-Hong Moon

    김대혁, 이나현, 문재홍

    As one of the major carbon sinks, the northwestern Pacific is a crucial area for understanding how ocean absorbs and stores atmospheric … + READ MORE
    As one of the major carbon sinks, the northwestern Pacific is a crucial area for understanding how ocean absorbs and stores atmospheric CO2, especially in the context of increasing anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Although the Earth System Model (ESM) has been widely used as a useful tool to study complex interplay of physical and biogeochemical processes, significant differences exist between ESMs in simulating reliable results on regional scales due to limited spatial resolution and different physical-biogeochemical parameterization schemes. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal variability of surface chlorophyll concentration and ocean pCO2 in the northwestern Pacific using the results of nine ESMs participating in CMIP6 and evaluated the simulation performance of the EMSs using statistical indices. Overall, the ESMs simulate surface chlorophyll increase in spring associated with phytoplankton blooms in the northwestern Pacific similarly to satellite observations, but fail to simulate an increase in autumn, especially at high latitudes above 30°N. Most of the models reproduce the summer decrease in pCO2 due to rising sea surface temperature, but there is a large difference in reproducibility among models in high-latitude regions where water temperatures remain low year-round. Models that simulate chlorophyll concentration well tend to reproduce the pCO2 reduction in subpolar region during spring, showing that biological processes play an important role in simulating pCO2 in high-latitude regions. According to Total Ranking (TR) result, top-performing models include EC-Earth3-CC and CMSS-ESM2 with respect to surface chlorophyll and pCO2, while series of CanECS5 and NorESM2 models show relatively lower TR. - COLLAPSE
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    11 March 2026

  • Article

    Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Mesozooplankton Community in the Coastal Waters of Dokdo

    독도 연안역 중형동물플랑크톤 군집의 계절과 경년 변이특성

    Minju Kim, Sun-Hee Lee, Jung-Hoon Kang

    김민주, 이선희, 강정훈

    Seasonal and interannual variability of mesozooplankton is closely linked to local hydro-climate conditions, which may be modulated by large-scale climate variability such … + READ MORE
    Seasonal and interannual variability of mesozooplankton is closely linked to local hydro-climate conditions, which may be modulated by large-scale climate variability such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The present study examines the seasonal and interannual dynamics of mesozooplankton in the coastal waters of Dokdo, East Sea, over a three-year period (2018–2020) and across the seasons. We examined species composition, abundance, and diversity in relation to hydroclimatic variables, including PDO, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentration (hereafter chl-a). Results showed clear seasonal patterns, with copepods dominating during winter and spring, specifically Paracalanus spp. and Oithona spp. being particularly numerically abundant, summer communities had increased proportions of dinoflagellates Pyrocystis pseudonoctiluca and ctenophores. Fall samples exhibited higher taxonomic diversity with notable presence of gelatinous taxa, including appendicularians. The notable interannual differences in community composition and total abundance were observed, particularly after December 2019, when PDO shifted from a positive to a negative phase. During this period, increases in surface temperature and chl-a concentration coincided with elevated mesozooplankton abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that the observed community patterns were coherently structured along gradients of surface temperature, chl-a, and PDO, supporting the interpretation that seasonal and interannual variability was consistently aligned with concurrent environmental conditions. This study presents field-based evidence of how mesozooplankton communities in the coastal waters of Dokdo vary seasonally and interannually in relation to hydrographic conditions, contributing to a broader understanding of climate variability and its impact on ecosystem changes in this region. - COLLAPSE
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    23 March 2026

  • Article

    First Record of the Potentially Toxigenic Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia lundholmiae (Bacillariophyceae) from Jeju Island, South Korea
    Xu Wang, Su-Min Kang, Seongjin Hong, Joon-Baek Lee, Ji-Yeon Jang, Jin Ho Kim
    The marine diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia includes several species capable of producing the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) … + READ MORE
    The marine diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia includes several species capable of producing the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) and contributes to harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide. However, the diversity and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia in Korean coastal waters, particularly around Jeju Island, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the morphology, phylogeny, and toxin production of Pseudo-nitzschia isolated from the coastal waters of Jeju Island, South Korea. A monoclonal strain (PLSG02F8) was established from seawater samples collected in April 2022. Morphological observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, together with ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 rDNA phylogenetic analyses, identified the strain as Pseudo-nitzschia lundholmiae, representing the first confirmed record of this species in South Korean waters. The Jeju strain showed morphological features generally consistent with previous descriptions, with slightly greater cell width and cell overlap. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Jeju strain clustered with P. lundholmiae strains from Malaysia and China. Toxin analysis using HPLC confirmed DA production, with a maximum intracellular content of 1.89 fg cell⁻¹ during the early logarithmic growth phase. These results demonstrate that P. lundholmiae is a potentially hazardous DA-producing species in Jeju coastal waters and provide essential baseline data for HAB monitoring and risk assessment. - COLLAPSE
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    23 March 2026
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